經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是研究人類(lèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的規(guī)律即價(jià)值的創(chuàng)造、轉(zhuǎn)化、實(shí)現(xiàn)的規(guī)律——經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)律的理論,分為政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)與科學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)兩大類(lèi)型。
政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)根據(jù)所代表的階級(jí)的利益為了突出某個(gè)階級(jí)在經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中的地位和作用自發(fā)從某個(gè)側(cè)面研究?jī)r(jià)值規(guī)律或經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律,科學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)自覺(jué)從整體上研究?jī)r(jià)值規(guī)律或經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律。對(duì)稱經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)就是科學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的核心是經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律;在對(duì)稱經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)看來(lái),資源的優(yōu)化配置與優(yōu)化再生只是經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律的展開(kāi)和具體表現(xiàn),經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的對(duì)象應(yīng)該是資源優(yōu)化配置與優(yōu)化再生后面的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律與經(jīng)濟(jì)本質(zhì),而不是停留在資源的優(yōu)化配置與優(yōu)化再生層面。停留在資源的優(yōu)化配置與優(yōu)化再生層面的,是政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)而不是科學(xué)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。
要研究經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的規(guī)律就必須從整體上統(tǒng)一研究經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象,宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)與微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)是統(tǒng)一的經(jīng)濟(jì)體中對(duì)稱的兩個(gè)方面,所以在科學(xué)的對(duì)稱經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)范式框架中,有宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)與微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)之分,沒(méi)有宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)與微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)之別;而政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)總是把經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分為宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)與微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。