以下是高頓網(wǎng)校為大家整理的:F2會計師與企業(yè)匯總,希望對考生們有所幫助。
 
  3.2 Analyzing costs:
  Cost objects: a cost object is any activity for which a separate measurement of cost is undertaken.
  Cost units: a cost unit is a unit of product or service in relation to which costs are ascertained
  Responsibility centers: a department whose performance is the direct responsibility of a specific manager.
 
  The main responsibility centers are:
  · Cost center – the performance of a cost center manager is judged on the extent to which cost targets have been achieved.
  · Revenue center – Within an organization, this is a centre or activity that earns sales revenue. And whose manager is responsible for the revenue earned but not for the costs incurred.
  · Profit center – a part of the business whose manager is responsible and accountable for both costs and revenue. The performance of a profit center manager is measured in terms of the profit made by the centre.
  · Investment centre – a profit centre with additional responsibility for investment and possibly also for financing, and whose performance is measured by its return on capital employed.
 
  Cost equations:
  Equation of a straight line
  The equation of a straight line is a linear function and is represented by the following equation:
  Y = a + bx
  Total cost = Total FC + Total VC
  Y= a + bx
  · Y = total cost
  · a = the fixed cost for the given period
  · b = the variable cost per unit
  · x = the number of units of activity
 
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