CMA考試essay 題P2（二）

　　第二題，給出一段描述，某公司開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品，準(zhǔn)備定價(jià)。

　　1.解釋elastic和inelastic

　　Elastic:elastic goods are goods for which the change in demand is larger than the change in price

　　Inelastic:inelastic goods are goods for which the change in demand is smaller than the change in price

　　2.解釋target pricing和target costing，并define做出這兩個(gè)的main step

　　3.解釋value engineering，并說(shuō)明與何種定價(jià)方法有關(guān)

　　It is a systematic approach to assessing all aspects of the value chain cost buildup for a product.The purpose is to minimize costs without reducing customer satisfaction.(It requires identifying value-added and non-value added cost.It requires distinguishing between cost incurrence and locked-in cost)           life cycle costing

　　4.解釋life-cycle并說(shuō)為什么在life-cycle的不同階段的商品定價(jià)不同explain why it will differs when pricing by??life-cycle cost?

　　5.解釋不同結(jié)構(gòu)的市場(chǎng)對(duì)價(jià)格有什么影響。

　　Perfect competition:the price curve is represented by a horizontal line because the individual firm is unable to affect the price so they must accept the market price

　　Monopoly:The firm can strongly influence price as the sole supplier of product

　　Monopoly competition:The firms have limited control over price

　　Oligopoly

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